Hemiplegia is the entire or partial loss of motor function on one side of the body. Hemiplegia is characterized as either right or left hemiplegia, depending on which side of the body is affected. Hemiplegia is typically caused by brain injury to the hemisphere opposite the affected side. Injury to the left side of the brain, for example, will result in right hemiplegia and vice versa. Less often, hemiplegia can be caused by brain stem lesions, peripheral nervous system abnormalities, cervical spinal cord damage, and other illnesses. Hemiplegia is a severe or full loss of strength that results in paralysis, whereas hemiparesis is a mild loss of strength. Hemiparesis is caused by mild to moderate nerve or brain injury, whereas hemiplegia is caused by moderate to severe nerve or brain damage that is involved in the connection between the brain and muscles (e.g., primary motor cortex along the precentral gyrus). Both phrases refer to a loss of mobility and possibly sensation on one side of the body, but their severity varies.
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